CIHM 

ICIVIH 

Microfiche 

Collection  de 

Series 

microfiches 

(Monographs) 

(monographies) 

I  Ell 

Canadian  Inttiluta  for  Hiatortcal  Microraproductlont  /  Inttitut  Canadian  da  microraproductlona  hittoriquai 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  technique  et  bibllographiques 


Th«  Itwtttut*  has  atMmptad  to  obtain  tha  batt  original 
copy  availabia  tor  filming,  Faaturas  ol  ttiii  copy  wtiich 
may  be  blblio(,rapt<ically  unique,  wtiich  may  altar  any  of 
ttia  Imagai  in  ttia  raproductlon,  or  wtiict<  may 
significantly  ctianga  tlia  uauai  mathod  ot  filming  ara 
ctwcRad  balow. 


D 

D 

D 

D 
G 
D 

n 

D 
D 
D 

D 


Colcuradcovan/ 
Cauvwture  da  cotitur 

Cowrt  danagad  / 
Couvartim  •ndammiigaa 

Covan  nttorad  and/or  bminatad  / 
Couvaitura  mtauite  M/ou  patHcuWa 

Covar  IMa  miaaing  /  la  una  da  couvattura  manqua 

Cokxirad  mapa  /  Caitaa  gaographlquaa  an  coulaur 

Cokxiiad  ink  (La.  aUwr  tlian  bkM  or  Mack)  / 
Encra  da  eoulaw  (l,a.  autra  qua  lilaua  ou  noiia) 

Cokxirad  platas  and/or  Huttrationa  / 
Planctw*  at/ou  iUustmtlont  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  otiwr  malarial  / 
Ralia  avac  d'autras  documania 

Only  adttkxi  available/ 
Saute  adWon  di^)onlUe 

TIglM  binding  may  cause  sliadows  or  dMartkxi 
along  interior  margin  /  La  reliure  serrae  pout 
causer  de  i'ombra  ou  da  la  diatorslon  le  long  de 
la  marge  IntMeure. 

Blank  leavea  added  during  lealuialkiiie  may  appear 
wimin  tlie  text.  Wlienever  possible,  ttiese  liave 
been  omWed  fram  flmkig  /  II  ae  peul  que  caitaines 
pages  blancbaa  ajoutaes  ton  (Tune  reatauratkxi 
appaiBlssent  dana  la  texte,  mais,  kxaque  cala  Mm 
pcaaUe,  cee  pages  n'ont  pas  M  Nmies. 


L'Inatitut  a  mterofilm*  la  meillaur  axamplaita  qu'il  lui  a 
Mt  poasibia  da  aa  procurar.  Las  d«talla  da  cat  axam- 
piaira  qui  sont  paut-4tra  uniquaa  du  point  da  vua  blbli- 
ographlqua,  qui  pauvent  nwdlfiar  una  Image  raproduita, 
ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una  modifications  dans  la  m«h- 
oda  nomtala  da  fllmaga  sont  indiquta  ciHtossous. 

r~j     Cokxjiadpegee/Pagaedecouleur 

Q     Pagaa  damaged  /  Pagae  endommagaea 

I     I     Pageeraetored  and/or  lamkialed/ 
' — '     Pagae  reatauiaas  et/ou  peWcuMes 

r^     Pagae  dteok>u(ed,atalnad  or  foxed/ 
'— '     Pagae  d«cok)r«es,tachataesaupk|uaes 

pj     Pagaa  detached /Pegeadaiacl)«ea 

r7     Showthrough/Tianaparance 

I     I     Quality  ot  print  vartea/ 

'—^     QualMkiagaladerimpraaskx) 

I     I     Indudeesuppleitienlary  material/ 
'—'     CompianddumatarialauppMmantaiie 

I  I  Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
' — '  slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refllmed  to 
enaura  the  beet  pocalble  Image  /  Lee  pages 
totalement  ou  partlallement  obscurcles  per  un 
leulHet  d'errata,  una  pelure,  etc.,  ont  «t«  filmaes 
a  nouveau  de  fa^on  h  obtanir  la  mellleure 
image  poesible. 

I  I  Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
' — '  discolourations  are  filmed  twne  to  eneure  the 
best  possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant 
ayant  das  cotoratlans  variables  ou  dee  dacol- 
orationa  aont  fllmaee  deux  lols  afin  dobtenlr  la 
meflleur  Image  possible. 


[^ 


AddMonal  comments/ 
Commentaiies  suppMmenlaiies: 


Pegliutlon  Is  as  follan  >  p.  [30l]-312. 


Thii  item  i<  flhiMd  at  the  rtduction  ratio  dueksd  balaw/ 
C<  daoHiMfit  an  f  iinn  -u  tivii  d>  rMuctHMi  mti^ui  ci-desiaia. 
10X  14X  1IX 


12X 


ax 


J 


isx 


»x 


2RX 


TIM  aapv  fUmad  hars  hM  kaan  n«rMuM«  ihank* 
10  MM  aanaraaiiv  •<: 

HatlOMl  Ubraxy  of  Canad* 


L'aaamplaira  fUm*  lut  ra»re4uii  grtea  *  la 

aroalUM: 

Bibllothiqua  natloiuaa  du  Canada 


Tha  inia«aa  appaarlng  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
peaalbia  conaMaring  tha  eondltion  and  laglbillty 
e(  tha  original  eapy  and  in  liaaping  with  tho 
tUmlng  aantraat  apaailiaatlena. 


Original  copia*  in  printad  papar  cowan  ara  film 
baainnmg  with  tha  front  eo«ar  and  anding  on 
tha  laat  paga  with  a  printad  e»  ilhutratad  i«»Pra«- 
alon.  or  tha  back  oovar  whan  appropriata.  *M 
other  original  copiaa  ara  lilmad  baginning  on  ina 
drat  paga  whh  a  printad  or  illuatratad  Impraa- 
•ian.  and  andIng  an  tho  laat  paga  with  a  printad 
or  llluowatad  Impraaaien. 


Tha  laat  racordad  fcama  on  aaeh  microfleho 
■haU  eonuin  tha  »vinbol  ^  ""••'""■  .SS...' 
TINUBO").  Of  tho  symbol  V  (moaning    END  ). 
whiehawar  appliaa. 

Mapa.  plataa.  charu.  ate.  may  ba  lilmad  at 
diffarant  raduetion  ratio*.  Thoao  too  larg* je  bo 
ontiraly  includad  in  ana  axpoiura  ara  'tlmad 
baginning  in  tha  uppar  laft  hand  eomor.  loft  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  a*  many  framaa  a* 
raquirad.  Tha  (allowing  diagram!  illuanata  tha 


La*  imagaa  auivanta*  ant  dtt  rapreduilai  avac  la 
plua  grand  tain,  campta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  notioid  do  I'oaomplaira  tilma,  at  an 
aanlarmlid  awaa  laa  aandliiana  du  aantrat  da 
nimaga. 

Laa  aaamplaira*  ariginauii  dont  la  eauvartura  »n 
papiar  aat  Imprimda  com  fllmas  an  eammancant 
par  la  pramior  plat  at  an  tarmlnant  aait  par  la 
damiara  paga  qui  eamporto  una  amprainia 
d'Impraaalon  au  d'lHuatratlon.  toit  par  la  ucend 
plat,  talon  lo  aaa.  Taua  laa  autraa  uamplairat 
ariginaua  aont  fUmda  an  aamman«ant  par  la 
pramMra  paga  gui  aamporta  una  amprainta 
dimpraaalon  ou  d'llluatration  ot  an  larminant  par 
la  damidra  page  gui  aemperta  una  talla 


Un  daa  tymbalaa  tuivanta  apparaltra  tur  la 
damidra  imaga  da  ehaqua  mieraficha.  talon  la 
eaa:  la  tymbala  -w  tignilla  "A  tUIVRC".  la 
tymbola  ▼  tignitla  -nN". 

Lat  eartaa.  planchat,  ubiaaua.  ate.  pauvant  dtra 
filmda  t  daa  ttua  da  rdduction  di(<«ranu. 
Lanqua  la  document  oat  trap  grand  pour  dtto 
roproduit  on  un  loul  elieha.  il  act  (llmC  *  partir 
da  I'angia  tupdriaur  gaueha.  da  gaueha  a  araita. 
at  da  haul  an  bat.  an  pranant  la  nombro 
d-imagaa  ndeattaira.  Laa  diagrammaa  tutvantt 
IHuatrant  la  mdthode. 


1  2  3 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

"woeofv  HMumoN  m?  oun 

ItMU  «<d  ISO  IIJI  CHMI  Na.  J| 


ttllM 


s  u& 


mi 


1.4 


IM 


IZ? 


12.0 


1.8 


1.6 


A 


/1PPLI£  J  IN/MGE    In. 

laSJ   Ea*l   Uoin   StrMt 

Rochmtar.   Nfm    rork         14609       USA 

(7t6)   4«I  -  0300  -  Ptwn 

(71ft)  3«-S9a9-Fa> 


■ULLITIN  OF  THI  QEOLOaiOAL  SOOIETV  OF  AMKRIOA 
VOi.  ia,  rr.  301-318,  n.  ta 


KNOYDAKT  FORMATION  OF  NOVA  SCOTIA 


HENRY  M.  AMI 


ROCHES    ER 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  SOCIETY 

Auoim,  1801 


■w 


HILL    UUl.  Mt 


VIX.  It.  IN*,  n.  N 


* '  '■-"• """ •^•«M  "» tn.  K>»i>.>t  r.,.. ...... 

H'-Arm-  l.ru»k,  tnitionuh  »Miniy,  Nn«N  Nvirflu 


Kl'il  HK   L'.-MI 


HUH   StH*T*.    .MxmiHT    Ki. 


*"""'«  '  '"""'-"   "'I''"" I'">'k  ""'I   M..)'.!,,,!  ,„|„l.  *,„I,.N,I.|,  ,,,„„l,-.   X,.„.  B,,,„ 

"NOVOAIIT  AND  MOVOAUT  fOllM»T10N«  OF  HOVA  KOTIA 


•UUtTIN  or   THI  aiOlOOICAI.  KICIITV  Of  AMIHICA 
vol.  ,  ,  „   »,.„,.  n.  N  Au««.T  ...  .M. 


KXOVKAKT  KOKMATION  (»K  SOVA  WirriA* 

Hr   MKNIIV   M.      Ml 

(  Hfiul  UJw,  Ihf  StH-irlj)  Oitrnih,,-  t',V,  //#»*) 

i)<»\TKNTH 

hilnaluriion l^" 

Tvplnii  an-a  ,„„|„  ,||,„i«,|„„  ,',"[ *' 

I. .i.l».l.,fMI|,irl«.i. 11.1  ll«vonl,n'.l'r,l,' ,■.'■.■.'. *1 

'''*"'"'■"•'"»  "I'l  vl»».,>f,«rl.,ii.»rlli.r.  ij 

IM«„v,ry„ff,„l|.i„„llh..|rl„i..r,,r,.|»ll„n,,."; 1^ 

M-t.l„r«  w,.,l„„  „f  ,1...  Kn,..v.|,rl  ror.n.ll.m  »l,m(  >|rA^  l.'^^ ^ 

N..IK.  ».„l  f.,„„  ,.f  ,!,„  Knoy.Ur    '..r.n.ll,,,,,   . .  ?? 

B«rl.,»',  ,l«,rl|.ll...i  ..f  v„l,„,|,.  „,i,  r,K,|| , .     .  J* 

hll.«.Mt..l.,»l,.  „„,„  „„|  ,.,„,^,  r.,|„|,„„  l,„||„to.l. .'.'.'.'.". s,„ 

rntli'liliiioiw ^'^ 


tNTHdlMJiTlON 

While  eng«g«|  in  m«' ing  «  ,.,.l«„„t..Mnil  ».irv...v  .,f  the  r.K.k  fornm. 
imn-  ..r  h,.  i;,,,«r  l'Hle„„.ie  i.,  Nov.,  M,.„ti.,  «„.|  „|  „  „„.|  j      „„,„i,, 

«.•.«!  „t  III.  .li,|K««l  |.  ..„  previnuH  rollBct.,,,-  in  tl...  (i«,|™,ic«|  Hur. 

V- /  l)«i.«rt.mM.t,  the  wriU-T  Im,  ,liH,«,ver«l  what  „,,,.e«r»  to  1«  ...fflcieiu 

evi,U,;,ce  f.,r  the  .leterinli.Hlion  of  the  rooI-w,,,!  h,.ri,on  of  .  Nerlen  of 

.trutH  which  oceur  m  the  we,U,rn  eori.er  of  Anti„onish  county,  -xtend 

iiiU)  the  au.iacent  county  of  IMctou,  Nova  Wcotia  .m-!  «.,..,.„«  prohahlv 

not  le.»  th.,n  1,()«)  feet  in  it,  greatest  tiev,lo|.inent.    On;,  .i  tl.e  h,»t 

natural  »ecti  .ni.  where  thi,  »erie«  maj-  he  exaniinml  and  .lu.lit  I  to  ml- 

vantage  occur-  in  the  v.iiiey  of  ero,i,.„  thron.^h  w..,oli  flow.  McAmw 

brimk.     A  me.u..iro<l  action  recently  nmle  hj  Mr  High  Fleicher,  of  the 

Oeok.K,c«    Survey  o.  Canaila,  aiul  citcl  Ih-Iow,  Kiv«  a  total  thiclcne« 

of  084  feet.     1  he  «tr.ita  in  .lueslion  ar^    ,!acnl  In  the  I-owit or  Ko-Devo- 

"  nn  '""'"'"='',"  "'"i-  """"in  fo8.il  rumain,  characteristic  of  the  typical 
Old  Keil  Sandiitone  ''  ■>!  £"uro[,«. 

Typical  Ahka  uxder  DiscomioN 

On  ,heet-map  nu.iber  34  of  the  series  of  Reological  map.  of  Nov. 
Scotia,  i..ued  by  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canadr.  in  18'J3,  the^e  i.  rep- 

•  Publhhcd  b,  perraJuloii  of  IK.  Ulrerlor  or  lh«  U«olo.l,^  M,.„.,  „r,^ZZZ 
XLlll-Uui.!..  anil..  Hoo.  *«.,  Vol.  w,  •»(«)  /.jq,. 


Oiri 


n  u. 


AWI-fcMi.vliAMT   r»NII*TI<m   »r    nova    MirriA 


!  .1"""  "y  ,'*"'•*''  '"""'• ""  •'"  ""' '"  '•"-  ■"  "-"-y  '"■"* 

iiortli  mill  WMi. 
Thi.  .r«.  1.  .Wrll..!  „  ••  |,,,,^,  r>.v.,„|.„  "  .,„  ,««.,  „„  ,.  .,f  „„ 
<M,.ml   U,H.rt    „f„„,.i„,I.^M.„|Hurv.y..fr.„».Uf„r|*«l,     ||..r.,l,.. 

It",''  .! ; " ' """ "' '"" '"■■  i''""'-«-"'-" "-I-""". " i.. .1." 

H.  "  .     «  U,  tl,i.  ,««c.  .KTur.  „«r  II,.  I.ri.l«.  ..v.r  M-Arr..  .,r.»,k, 

J.-,T..  M..|)m,»  ,1  l,r.-.k,  Hu.n.h,..,...  I.nn.k.  M. Am..  I.r,-.k,  KnuvUrt* 
n  -k  CKiviUK  Ih,  ■„„„.,  ,„  „.„   f..„„„i.,„  .„..,,^,,     v.,„,y  b^K.k. 
aiKl  of  .Ml.  „f  III,  «„i,t(„.„,„„  hmiMihr.  ,.r  fMil.-y.  l,r.M,k. 

CoKTAcrr  or  H11.UMIAN  «.vi>  I)kv.>nu»i  Hthat* 

wl  icl,  !,»,  „.,i  y„t  I,™,,  fully  .IffrmiMwI.     Ao..,r,li„„  ,„  Urn  .li,„  a,„| 
»trikr«  iiiveii  l.y  Mr  IIukIi  Klplcli..r«ii.l  \f    I  *   i»  1   J.       !         ' 
..i.«.i  I.  1 1   /  ■■     "*"  ".'icii.  rniKi  ji.  J.  A.  K..l>.irt.)ii  th.-  miiii  iinI 

j«ct«l  t.>  the  «i„e  ,.hy«ioal  f.,„«.  a,„|  ,|i,tu,l,i„K  Wncie.  .i„ce  thev 
were  .hinmM  (,«,  pUte  2«.  flKure.  1  iin.l  a)  ^ 

The  actual  .lip  „f  the  l)ev.,ni«ii  ,tr,t«  vary  from  111  .leirre*.  •  Ml 
.!««««.,  an.l  th.«e.,f  the  Hllurinn  from  7  .legre.^  "  Z^  '^^Uh 
l.Kal  v»ri«tio„H  in  both.  The  „u„.l»r  of  ,«*?.Sil„ri»„  unT^.^be^.^ 
..I.U.  erup  .v.. ...«.,«,  of  »myK.l..lol.l„l  trap 'pre-ent  i„  the  v  ,  2.  ,  »"e 
.lone  much  ,.,d,„„rl,  th-  rock,  of  the  two  ,«lln,e,.U.ry  .erir^,.  t  t^ 
Cro  I)  "'"'  "'"  '""""  "-"""■"-•■*«  of  the  .1  Jrict  iJlp, 

C;i.AMir..ATmN  AND  ViKw,  or  Vawoii.  Writkk. 
'IWhiMK  the  McArnw  hr,H,k  ar«,  i„  ^ue-tlon,  the  conclu,.ion  clte.1 
l»lojrw«^«^J^y^,u,^  Fletcher  bycorrelatin.  th7r„e^Tl! 

*ProDouDO«(l  KrwIlKrt.  '~ 


f- 


■  iMtMKiV   iir    '"llTlir    .>M>   AMTIIHiXIKH   llirNTIM  WO 


am 


ir.  M.  AMI— KNUYDAKT   FOHMATlllN  OK   NOVA   MtoTIA 


the  New  PruiiKwuk  etiuivnlent.  in  h\»  ■'  ReiH.rt  of  geologicul  iurveyn 
nml  explomtion-  in  the  cuntien  of  Ciuj-HlmrouKl,,  AntigonUh.  Picton. 
toIche»'.T.  uml  llnlifiix  from  I8.S2  to  IHm." 

In  thin  Anniml  KeiH,rt.  1S8B.  ne,v  «erieH,  volume  ii.  un.ler  the  head  of 
F  nevoniun,"  o„  |„,g..  4i»  P,  Mr  FleUl.er  .le».  ril.e.  three  distinct  grou,« 
or  Devonian  strata  corre-pon.ling  closely  with  those  of  New  Brunswick 
and  gives  the  following  table  of  equivalencies : 


Nfir  Bntnmriek 
3.  Miapeck  group. 


3.  Upper  K«,l  glah,  and  nindatono 
group. 
.    D«doxvlon«,Md,lone»ndCor,l.iti.     2.  Ml.i,llegr.y«,nd.toneHiid«lmle 

„ "        ■  gniup. 

1.  Bloon«l,„ry  conglomerate.  1.  Lower  Conglomerate  group. 

After  gii-ing  the  distribution  of  the  above  in  Kova  Scotia  in  general, 
the  first  reference  to  the  age  ..f  the  McArras  Brook  strata  is  then  made 
on  page  49  P,  which  reads  a.  follows:  "The  upjier  rocks"  (..^..the 
Upper  Bo,l  slate  and  sandstone  group)  ■  are  found  again  near  I'nion 
Kailway  station,  and  also  at  McArras  brook  " 

On  page  67  P  Mr  Fletcher  quotes  Dr  Honeyn.an's  *  views  on  the  age  of 
u.ese  rocks :  1  hey  are  certainly  not  I^wer  Helderberg,  and  may  there- 
fore  be  Devonian  ;  "  and  on  page  «8  P  the  same  writer  quotes  Sir  William 
Dawson  t  in  which  he  regards  them  as  "  i-re-Carboniferous,  although  not 
separated  from  the  Silurian."  ** 

Mr  Fle;c:,er  <le.,cribe8  the  strata  on  McArras  brook  as  follows : 
•■Goo<l  exposures  are  also  cut  by  McArras  h„«k  behind  the  massof  .mv«laloid 
at  the  shore,  consisting  of  red,  flinty,  mlnu-eous,  jointed  «.nust«ne  ands^Je  often 
concrel,„„»ry,  inlerstratifle.!  with  greenish  thick  bedde<l  and  flaggy Ssto™ 

nt^shr^:,."'''"""''"  "''•"'"'-'"■'•'  ■'-"  py"te.,.hebr„„rbeingrr; 

"  From  the  latter  a  rallection  of  fossils  was  made  bv  Mr  W«.i„„ •  • 

figment,  of  plants  and  flsh  teeth,  no.  certainly  dttlfl^Xr:,?'!'! 
tain  interesting  footprints,  Prolkhnit,,  mrhonurim."  t 

DiscovEHY  or  Foesirj  and  thkir  Lnterpbrtation 

Up  to  1886  but  little  had  been  done  with  a  view  to  determining  the 
exac  geological  hon.on  to  which  this  Devonian  area  belonged,  the  are! 
n  question  having  been  generally  dismissed  with  the  statenient  that 
they  were  certainly  non-Silurian.     In  thit  year  Mr  T.  C.  Weston  and 

*Tranii.  NoTi>8coti(»n  Inst.  8cl..  Tol  3  pp  ii  ua  "  ^ 

t  Aoadi.n  Geology,  p.  516.  line  4.  ana  8»pplmn.nt  to  the  .ame,  p.  49. 


•'^ 


IlIHCOVKKY   AND  INTKHPHKTATION   OF   FOBHlrjf  ,105 

Mr  J.  A.  Robert  carried  on  s  niiccemrul  paleontologkal  «ur\ey  of  the 
Silurian  an  well  aa  of  the  nevonian  rooks  of  the  reKion.  The  Silurian 
fowilB  ol>taine<l  were  »ul.niitte.l  to  a  preliniiiiarv  examination  l.y  the 
writer  in  that  year,  and  a  lii<t  of  Home  1B<)  upecioM  of  organic  renmiim 
was  reconleil  in  the  Silurinn  formations  of  tlie  Arisaig  coast,  refenil.le  to 
the  various  sululivisions  A,  B,  B',  C,  I),  ami  I)'  of  Dr  I).  Honeyman.  ns 
adopted  liy  Mr  Fletcher,  excluslvo  of  the  s|>ecies  recorded  by  J.  W.  Salter 
J.  \V.  Dawson,  James  Hall,  K.  Billings,  and  Dr  H.  Honeyman. 

From  the  Devonian  strata  Messrs  Weston  and  Robert  obtaine.1  what 
appeared  to  be  series  of  obscure  fishes,  together  with  tracks  and  trails  of 
some  organism.    These  were  not  determined,  however,  until  the  writer 
undertook  to  submit  the  fish  material  to  Mr  A.  Smith-Woodward,  of  the 
British  Museum.    Tl.e  result  of  the  study  of  the  flsb  fauna  has  led  the 
writer  to  conclude  that  instead  of  Upper  Devonia  i  strata  in  the  Mc Arras 
Brook,  Upper  Knoydart  Brook,  an.l  Ui>per  Vamev  Brook  exposures  there 
occurs  a  series  of  strata  of  lowermost  Devonian  age,  equivalent  to  the 
I^werOld  Red  sandstone  of  Britain  orCornstoneof  Knglaml.    The  high- 
est fossiliferous  strata  of  the  Silurian  series  adjacent  are  so  remarkably 
similar  in  their  lithologio  and  i>aleontologic  or  biologic  characters  to  the 
lacies  of  the  Silurian  of  western  Europe-especially  to  the  Silurian  of 
the  Ludlow  type  in  Herefordshire,  England-as  to  warrant  a  close  rela- 
tionship  to  be  instituted  with  the  European  equivalents:  quite  distinct 
from  the  Silurian  succession  as  known  in  the  Gasp^  peninsula,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Saint  Uwrence,  on  the  island  of  Anticosti,  and  in  the  stole 
of  New  York  or  the  province  of  Ontario  to  the  south  and  west  as  <lefined 
and  described  by  Vanuxem, -Hall,  I^gan,  Billings,  and  other  geologists 
I  his  Ix)wer  Devonian  area  is  boundwl  on  the  east  hv  the  highest 
member  of  the  Silurian  examined,  the  Stonehouae  formation    and  on 
the  south  by  a  range  of  hills  which  has  been  assigned  to  the  Cambro- 
Silurian  (Ordovician)  \,y  Mr  Fletcher.*     From  this  series,  however  no 
organic  remains  or  definite  paleontologic  evidenre  of  any  volue  have  as 
yet  been  obtained  upon  which  might  be  determined  the  precise  position 
of  this  older  series  in  the  Paleozoic  succession.    To  the  north  and  west 
of  this  Devonian  area  are  seen  newer  measures  referable  to  three  distinct 
horizons  of  the  Carboniferous  system  as  developed  in  this  portion  of 
Nova  Scotia.    These  include— 

(n)  The  so-called  "Carboniferous  Conglomerate  "formation  described 
in  the  above  report.t  This  series  is  presumably  equivalent  to  the  Bonn- 
venture  formation  of  Gasp^,  and  is  doubtfully  referred  to  it  here 

(&J  The  "  Carboniferous  Limestone  "  series  with  its  marls,  sandstones, 

•  Annii.l  Hsporl  of  the  G«ologlc«l  Sutlr.y  of  C«n«d»  for  ISM,  pp.  i;  P  ud  99  P 

t  Lo..  »».,  ,„pr.,  pp.  71 P,  M  P.  »„d  V!,  P,  .„d  on  p.je  173  P of  th.  A„„u.l  Report  for  ,m^;,. 


•son 


H.  M.  AMI — KNOYDAKT   IHtRMATION  Of   NOVA   MtrriA 


■nd  marine  lirowtonM  and  gypaum,  dwignatad  (in  part  at  leant)  by  the 
writer,  aa  the  Hopmvell  formation* 

(0  The  lo-called  ''  Millatone  Grit "  aeriee,  for  the  moat  |>art  very  fliit 
lying  anil  undieturbed,  ihowinK  that  the  phyeical  diitturbancee  and 
agenoiea  to  which  the  Silurian  and  Devonian  iitrata  have  been  Hubjevted 
which  have  dislocated  and  tilted  their  strata  had  di8a|>|>eared  previime 
to  the  time  when  thaia  Carboniferoua  grite  were  laid  down.  Thiii  ho- 
called  "  Millatone  Grit "  aeriee,  which  ii  very  doubtfully  the  equivalent 
of  the  true  "  Millatone  grit "  of  England,  waa  designated  by  the  writer 
as  the  WatvUU  formation,  on  page  178  of  the  pai>er  cited  above,  in  order 
to  separata  it  from  other  formations  in  the  district. 


Fletcher's  Section  op  the  Knovdart  Forhatiom  At,os<i  McAkrah 
Briwk 

In  1897  Mr  Fletcher  made  a  careful  remeoaurement  of  the  rt'il  marls, 
HandatoneH,  shales,  and  calcareous  bands  holding  fish  remains  along  the 
valley  of  McArras  brook,  a  copy  of  which  was  kindly  furnislieil  nie  by 
him  with  the  sanction  of  Doctor  Dawson,  director  of  the  Civologiciil 
Survey.  In  order  to  give  the  reader  more  detailed  infonnatiuii  4in  the 
succession  of  the  strata  in  this  bit  of  the  "  Old  Red  Sandstone  "  his 
valuable  section  has  been  incorporated  in  this  paper. 

From  the  maas  of  trap  near  the  mouth  of  McArnu  brook  the  fuUuwiiiit  is  the 
Het'tion  ill  ascending  onler : 

Feul.     Iliuhuv 

Amygdaloidsl  trap,  probably  Ijower  Ckrboniferous,  as  ileecriWii 

in  R«|>ort  P  for  18HH. 
Measures  concealed.    On  the  left  liank  of  the  brook  trap  is  in  the 
eliff,  while  on  the  right  bank  there  are  indiuationa  of  red  strat- 
ified Devonian  rocks '. ...      oO       0 

1.  Red,  argillaceous  shale,  more  or  lees  slaty,  with  coherent  under- 
day  full  of  rootlets,  dip  north  230  degrees  angle  32  degrees 

(magnetic) , ;j       0 

2. '  Red,  argillaceous,  slaty  rock,  not  well  seen 4        0 

3.  Red,  broken,  argillaceoos  shale,  with  greenish  and  gray  blordies.        0        0 

4.  Red  shale,  nearly  alt  concealed U       0 

5.  Red,  very  coherent,  concretionary,  calcareous  rock  at  the  mouth 

of  a  little  brook  from  the  eastward 1  6 

6.  Red,  aivillaceous  shale 7  6 

7.  More  coherent,  fli><qty  rocks,  which  may  be  called  sandstone 1  0 

8.  Red,  argillaceous  shale 8  0 

9.  Red,  coherent,  somewhat  sandy  flags,  In  two  layers 3  0 

10.  Red,  argillaceous  ahale,  in  part  blotched  with  green 46  0 

*  Proc.  and  Tram.  Nova  Scotian  Inat.  Sci.,  rot.  10,  pt.  2,  Halifax,  Ifloo,  p.  177. 


rLncHKtt'a  hkltion  of  tm«  knovdart  ruRUATloN       307 


23. 


37. 


_  ,  ,  ,.  ■         .  r"«t.    Iinbi 

uminiili  anil  reilaiili,  cohorant,  mlatoMMU  Minilitona  and  <Ugi, 

with  foaiili  (no.  1) 4       o 

Kml,  Knilllamulu  ihala,  with  coherent  laysn 32       0 

Kftl,  Kmewhat  coherent,  nuMive,  ftrxlllftceoiu  rook tt       0 

Ke<l,  coherent  fliigB,  conuining  flih  renMlm II       * 

Ked,  KivillAceoUH  ihiile A       0 

Ureeni«h,  CHhvreoiia  UagM.  from  which  Doctor  Ami  coliectad  many 
fiiMii  Huh  remains  in  181)7.    The  upper  part  containi  brolien 

carbonixeii  plants,  flflh,  etf'etera  (no.  2) 2.      0 

Red  and  Kreen,  somewhat  maasive,  mottled,  calcareous  toclts,  with 
noilnlar,  rounded,  and  oval  spots  and  flsh  remains,  dip  230  de- 
grees annte  2U  degrees  on  fine  long  faces 7       0 

Red,  argillaceous  sliale,  with  layers  of  more  coherent  concretion- 

aryflags 5       o 

Reti,  micaceous  flags 1        o 

Red,  somewhat  cnimbly,  argillaceens  shale,  forming  Hne  ledges 

inthehrooli 2       0 

Re<l,  argillaceous  shale,  witli  layen  of  fine,  more  coherent  flags.      14       6 
(ireenish,  flinty,  argillaceuus,  and  siliceous  flags,  micaceous  and 
sometimes  spatte<l  witli  red,  containing  mucli  carlxinaceous 

matter  and  cut  by  veins  of  quartz  (no.  3) 3 

Greenish,  coherent,  massive,  flne  sandstone  in  two  layers 4 

Red  and  greenish  mottled  shale,  in  regular  layers,  more  massive 

toward  the  top,  for  the  most  part  red 8 

Reddisli,  colierent  Hags  and  argillaceous  sliale 32 

Red,  crumbly,  argillaceous  shale,  not  well  seen 11 

Red,  crumbly,  argillaceous  shale,  with  harder  bands,  not  well 

seen 10 

Reii,  argillaceous  shale,  with  flaggy  layers 17 

Red,  argillaceous  shale,  not  well  seen 26 

Red,  coherent,  tliick  bedded  sandstone,  in  two  layers,  at  a  small 

waterfall g 

Red,  coherent,  argillaceous  shale,  with  green  layeraand  blotchee.        6 

Measures  not  well  seen,  but  evidently  chiefly  red 6 

(ireenish,  arglllaceoua  shale  at  the  mouth  of  a  little  brook  A'om 
the  westward  (no.  4) ;  from  this  the  seeds  and  plants  were  ob- 
tained by  Doctor  Ami  in  1896.    One  coarse,  rusty  layer  is  full 

of  pyrites  and  plant  remains 2       5 

Measures  concealed,  probably  greenish  shales  cut  by  quarti 'veins 

and  containing  plants 3       0 

Greenish  quartzite  or  flne  sandstone,  over  which  the  little  brook 

from  the  westward  fells  into  the  main  stream  at  water  level. .       3       0 
Gray  and  greenish  and  red  coherent  argillaceous  rock  in  three 

layers 3       q 

Bed,  argillaceous  shale,  with  coherent  Uyen.  The  top  comes  to 
the  foot  of  the  falls  in  a  gorge  from  which  Mr  Weston  is  sup- 

posed  to  have  obtained  his  flsh  remains  (no.  5) 12       0 

Red,  coherent,  argillaceous  shale,  forming  a  little  (all 15       0 


308 


H.  M.  AMI — KNOYOART   FORMATION   Of  SOVA  SCOTIA 


r«*i.   iiifliitfii 

Itcil,  rnheniiil  ahilM,  ronnlnf  •  lilxlwr  bll W        0 

Rrcl.   inuilliu-nHM  dIiiiIh,  L'unliiliiInK  (mtnlili   l.lotchMi,  liariler 

hiyi'ix,  milt  ■initU  niMiulM;  bi  the  water  lav»l  of  tin  lower 

■idi'iir  the  culvert  kt  the  ahoreiiile ••'        •• 

H»<1,  Binillai'eoiiB  rock,  with  green  Uyera  anil  blotchea,  In  clIITa 

at  the  rtniil.  illppinn  2;l.'i  ileitreea  angle  :I2  ilenreea 30       I) 

Ke<l  anil  green  inoltle<l,  arglllKceiiU"  aliale,  priiiclimlly  red W       0 

Mure  ifiherent,  reil,  alliceotii  anil  a.  'Illai^eona  rock,  with  a  few 

flail  r«in*iiiB '<>       <• 

Qreeniah  anil  mottled  lentlci''jr  linieatane  from  which  Doctor  Ami 

nhlalned  the  Hah  remaini  Hrrntpit,  etcetera,  Ural  iient  to  Doctor 

Womlward  (no.  B) "       « 

Reil,   arglllai'eoiia   and  aillceoua   rock    with   green  banila  and 

hlotch™ 20       0 

Reildlah,  a'.lered  roi^k  at  the  level  of  the  road  under  the  achool- 

honae.  not  well  Been •  *  •  •      20       0 

(ireenlah,  argillaceoiia  flage  and  ahalea  (no.  7) *       " 

Iteil,  HrgllliMWOtw  ahale **        0 

Ked  and  greeniah  laililatone  In  two  Uyera ■»       » 

Reil,  Hnslllaceone  elwlea,  with  layera  of  more  coherent  rock,  aoine 

of  which  contain  rootlet* 17       0 

Meaaurea  concealeil • "*       ® 

Bright  red,  aoft.  argillueoiu  ahale ;  to  the  flrat  bridge  where  the 

brook  croeaea  to  the  eaatward 4      -0 

Red,  argillaceoua  ahale,  with  «  few  more  coherent  layera 31        0 

(jreeniah,  aoinewhat  maaaive,  antillaceoua  and  arenaceoiia  rock 

(no.  H) ;   at  the  necond  bridge  wher«  the  brook  rnna  to  the 

weatward.    The  <iip  now  changed  to  80  degreee,  and  thla  layer 

la  concealeil  for  some  diatance,  bnt  again  appenra  ho  return  to 

the  road  farther  aonth.     Aaeuming  that  thla  la  the  caae,  the 

aection  ia  continued  beyond  an  foUowa 11        0 

Red,  argillaceous  Mhale,  with  coherent  layera 18       0 

Greenish  and  dark-gray  crumbly,  argillaceoua  rock 2       0 

Greeniah  and  gmy,  argillaceoua  rock,  the  upper  part  greatly 

altered ■»       <• 

Trap ■•       0 

Red,  Brgi'.laceous  ahale,  greatly  altered <•       0 

Measures  concealed  dip  250  degrees  angle  23  degrees ;  to  a  little 

brook  from  the  eastward ^       0 

Red,  argillaceous  shale  and  thin  flags,  in  whicli  Ash  renulna 

were  found  (no.  9) !•*        0 

Red,  argillaceous  ahale  and  flags -*3       0 

Trap,  thickness  undefined,  perhape 120       0 

This  trap  begins  about  550  yards  above  the  main  road.    In 

the  brook  west  of  the  road  there  i'  j.  green  flinty  shale  which 

yielded  no  fossils. 

Total  thickness  of  the  stratifled  rocks  in  the  section 68^^       3 


rM-S.\   or  THK   ruKMATIIIN 


3UII 


Mr  Fletcher  adds : 


"  Till"  "wtlon  la  only  uppraiiiiwts.  It  rapraMnto  only  *  amall  portion  of  > 
urra,  «p|>anintly  w  thick  u  ■!  ITnion;  imti  rIho  In  Knoyitert  brwik  and  iithcr 
atrnuna  of  the  vicinity.  It  la  not  anpinwil  that  eltlier  th«  Inae  or  the  anmnilt  of 
the  aeriea  la  here  (dven." 


Namk  and  Fauna  or  thk  Knoydart  Formation 

The  name  "  Knoydart  formation  "  ia  propoaed  for  the  aeries  of  itrata 
of  which  the  684  feet  recorded  above  conatitute  a  chnracteriatic  section 
holdinfr  a  typical  "  Old  Red  Sandatone  "  fauna.  Thia  name  ia  given  in 
order  to  l>e  able  to  better  designate  the  strata  in  question  and  separate 
them  from  other  Paleoioic  formations  in  that  (lortion  of  eastern  Canada 
where  the  sedimentation  has  a  wonderfully  close  resemblance  to  Euro- 
pean types.  This  strikinf;  reRenil)lance  to  the  European  succession  is  a 
feature  which  has  been  jxiinted  out  by  Sir  William  Dawson,  Salter, 
Billings,  Honeyman,  and  other  writers. 

The  following  species  of  fossils  obtained  from  the  atiove  strata  are 
provisionally  recorded  as  characteristic  of  the  Knoydart  formation. 
These  and  other  forms  will,  no  doubt,  sooner  or  later  be  found  in  other 
parts  of  Antigonish,  in  Piotou,  and  in  other  counties  of  eastern  Canada 
along  the  Atlantic  border  ofthe  continent.  The  fossil  ostracoderms.which 
constitute  a  very  primitive  and  early  type  of  fishes,  were  identified  by 
our  friend  Doctor  A.  Smith-Woodwar<l,of  the  British  Museum, and  to  him 
is  due  the  credit  of  identifying  the  fish  fauna  and  indicating  the  precise 
geological  horizon  to  which  to  refer  the  beds,  while  the  remains  of 
Pterygotus  were  submitted  to  and  identified  by  Doctor  Henry  Woodward 
when  Keeper  of  the  British  Museum. 

1.  Pterygotua  np. 

2.  Onchut  murehuoni  Agun\t, 

3.  Ptertupit  ap.  cf.  PUraKpiti  erouehii. 

4.  PaammfiMfiu  ap.  rf.  PmmmoiUeuM  nni;liciu  Traquair. 

5.  Cefthatcupu  ap.    Probably  a  new  apec-iea 

0.  IrftlhymdtchniifB  itcadiensi»  nobia.  Iinprtfaalona  made  by  a  pair  of  shar|i> 
pointed  or^na  or  apiuea,  probably  those  of  a  ilah. 

The  specimens  are  for  the  most  part  imperfectly  preserved  in  a  hard, 
compact,  fine  grained,  and  brecciated  volcanic  ash-bed,  and  are  conse- 
quently difficult  to  identify  and  obtain. 

Barlow's  Description  or  Volcanic  Ash  Rock 

With  a  view  of  ascertaining  the  exact  nature  of  the  rock  materials  in 
which  the  pteraspidians  were  preserved,  microscopical  sections  were  pre- 

XLIV— HutL.  Groi..  Bwi.  Am..  Vol.  12.  IBOO 


310 


n.  M.  AMI— KNOYItAIIT   FORMATION  Of  NOVA   KOTIA 


pared  and  aulimitted  to  Doctor  A.  K.  Itarlow,  of  the  (ieoloxical  Sarrey  of 
C'aiiadii.  He  kindly  uiidert<M>k  to  dewrilw  thmv,  hiuI  gave  the  follow- 
iiig  intereatliiK  note  reganliiiK  the  turKi^eoun  or  voluaiilc  origin  of  locality 
nundwr  B,  and  number  44  of  Mr  H  JKh  Fletcher's  Heotion : 

"The  roi'knr  Mi-Arru  liniok  Un  lUrk  Ktiijr  to  irm-nlih  (ray  thinly  IwIiIfiI  Kmy- 
wavke,  wntheriny  yellowlili  or  tmiwntth,  nwliiir  to  the  iln-omtHHiltiDn  of  the  Imii 
orv.  It  ii*  itiiiiiMimNl  for  the  miMt  |iart  of  AtiKuUr,  mitmiitcular,  end  nmntltNl  Kmilin 
of  quarti  aixl  felilafiar  fiiilmliliHl  in  a  matrix  uf  l\w  lanio  niaterialn  in  a  Hner  italu 
of  (llvialnn.  t^lt'lte  \n  preaent,  anti  in  Rome  nertlnna  In  a  rmthi't  ahunilant  (!om|M>- 
netlt  of  ihe  Kroundniaaa.  Ch'orite  in  ocfailonat  platca  and  aniall  H^lea  of  aericite 
la  alao  preaent.  The  rock  ia  pnilwhly  of  tnfat'eoua  origin.  Huiaii  aaania  or  vcina  of 
caldle  and  qnarta  fraqiiently  traverse  the  rock." 


t 


Palkontoimiic  NnTKa  and  Kaunal  Rm,atioi<» 

In  reporting  uimn  the  flah  faunn  from  thia  forniAtion,  Doctor  Hmith- 
Woodward  writes:  "The  MuArrna  Brook  s|iecimeiis  repreiient  the  base 
of  the  I<ower  OKI  lied  saiid8t4iMe  of  Hritain." 

The  presence  of  pteraspidiniis,  cephalaspiillnns,  and  a(!anlhoilians,  as 
well  as  I'tcrynotua,  as  determined  by  Mr  A.  Hniith-\Voo<lward  and  Doctor 
Henry  Woodward,  of  the  British  Museum,  would  seem  to  indicate  clearly 
the  presence  of  a  fauna  precisely  similar  in  facies  to  that  of  the  Hereford 
be<ls,  referable  to  the  Tower  Devonian  (Old  Red  Sandstone)  or  Cornstone. 

'ITie  I'teraspis  found  in  the  tufaceous  rock  in  the  series  of  strata  is  one 
which  Mr  WiKidward  refers  to  as  very  closely  allied  In,  if  not  actually 
identical  with,  P.  cmuchii  of  the  English  rocks. 

Th»  horiion  indicate*)  is  low  down  in  the  Devonian  and  not  far  from 
the  summit  of  the  Silurian.  From  the  nature  of  the  sediments,  their 
composition,  origin,  and  general  characters  they  appear  to  he  much  more 
closely  relate<l  to  European  Devonian  or  Old  Re  1  Sandstone  strata  tlian 
to  the  usual  lyiw  of  Nortli  American  Devonian,  such  as  are  met  with  in 
synchronous  western  ei)i-continental  formations. 

Sir  Archibald  Geikie*  points  out  the  occurrence  in  Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Brunswick  of  the  two  divergent  Devonian  and  Old  Re<I  Sandstone 
types  of  Europe,  but  does  not  attempt  to  give  any  of  the  subdivisions 
of  the  rocks  of  this  system  nor  any  of  the  fossil  organic  remains  found 
in  them.  The  fauna  of  the  Arbroath  Hags  or  Uwer  Old  Red  Sandstone 
of  Murchison  is  remarkably  similar  to  that  of  the  Knoydart  formation. 

In  his  "Geology. Chemical,  Physical, and Stratigraphical," Sir  Joseph 
Prestwicht  makes  the  following  statement  regarding  the  "Old  Red 

•Ten  Book  of  Oeolosy,  mm  •dlllon,  hook  vi.  part  a,  i.e.  3.  <!h«p.  2,  pur.  !.  p.  am 
f  Chupler  Yl.  "  Thp  Iiovcmlnii  ny.lcni :  ■  Tlie  Olil  Red  SundiloDe,'  p.  »'i" 


i. 


I 


1^ 


PALROHTOUMIIC  NIITiai   AND   rAI'IIAI.  HKLATIONI 


nil 


i. 


+ 


8ani1>tnn«  "  of  Henrordihin,  whtoh  tnabiM  KiologiMa  to  comUt*  the 
■traU  with  II  iiiarkm.  ilegrac  of  proximity  to  c«rt«int)r : 

"  Tlw  (till  Rid  HaiulilaiM  "  ol  Htrariirdihlm  wm  Iddk  lh«i«lil  lo  be  IHHI-Ihwil- 
Ihmu,  *  hw  IhMpiMntiirjr  >|iarliu«iu  nnljr  hiivinf  liMii  Ihund  wlini  in  llw  railway 
ni'.llniii  HMr  IxKllmrjr,  tli*  Hrr,  W.  H.  Hynimoihla  (im  giuirt  .'..iim.  ()«al.  Hoc,, 
vol.  IS,  |i.  103,  anil  vol.  17,  p.  IIU)  illMiivrnKl  in  th*  lowaal  bmlt  llli*  l«dliarx 
•lialM)or  lliat  rormatiiin  mnialm  ot  naryitxua,  Onrluu  Punapla,  and  Otphi^ 
la|iait,  toiathi'i  witli  lanp!  nuinlwn  of  llix  liml  •hli>tdi  of  Am'iMinaapin." 

It  i  imimMible  to  reul  over  the  HMocintion  of  forma  in  the  atrata  near 
I.«lbury,  in  Herefonlahire,  without  recoRniiing  in  them  a  fauna  and 
horiion  aimilar  to  that  met  with  at  MoArraa  brook,  in  Antigoniah 
county,  Nova  Scotia. 

In  1843  Doctor  Abraham  Geaner  <le«cri)>ed  •  an  "  Old  Red  Sandatone  " 
or  Devonian  Kroup,  which  he  recogniied  above  Silurian  beda  . 
in  aeveral  imrta  of  the  province,  ,  .  .  conaiating  of  .  ,  .  "  ■ 
bright  red  micaceoua  iandKtone  or  congloraerBle,  accompanied  liy  thin 
l>eda  of  red  ahale  an<l  mariy  clay,  and  in  aome  placea  containing  aeama 
of  flbroua  gypaum."  He  adila  :  "  Hitlierto  no  organic  remain*  have 
been  found  in  it."  He  recogniiea  it  at  Advocate  harbor  and  on  the 
Moose  river,  where  it  ia  "  aeen  lying  unconformably  beneatli  the  Coal 
Meaaurea." 

Mr  Fletcher  claaaes  the  rocka  of  Advocate  harlwr  aa  Devonian,  lo  that 
the  "  Old  Reil  Sandstone  or  Devonian  group  "  of  Geaner  must  therefore 
be  clawed  witli  the  rocks  of  Union  and  Riversdale,  which,  from  the  fauna 
iind  flora  found  in  them,  are  referable  to  the  Carboniferoui'  xystem,  and 
from  their  position  in  the  stratigraphic  succession  may  be  referable  to  the 
Meso-CarlmniferouH.  The  gypsum-bearing  strata  of  Gesner  are  likewise 
aim  Carboniferous  and  not  Devonian. 

In  November,  1899,  in  a  communication  on  a  number  of  foesil  Hshes 
sent  him  Ijy  the  writer  from  various  localities  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  which 
the  geological  horizon  and  precise  affinities  of  the  species  sent  were 
doubtful,  Mr  Smith-VVoodwaril,  the  eminent  authority  on  Paleoioic 
fishes,  gives  the  following  notes  on  the  specimens  from  McArras  brook, 
adding  that  they  had  been  submitted  by  him  to  Doctor  R.  Traquair,  of 
Edinburgh  : 

•'Tlie  ipecilnens  from  McArras  brooli  are  ezttemely  interesting,  and  tcpresent 
the  base  of  the  I*>wer  Old  Red  Sandstone  of  BrlUln.  The  ptenupidlan  remains 
are  snfflclent  to  prove  tliat  they  belong  lo  the  genns  Pttnupii.  Both  dorsal  and 
ventral  shieldi  are  «o  much  lilie  those  of  P.  crouchii  that  if  these  Nova  Scolisn  fos- 
sils bad  been  fonnd  In  western  England  we  should  have  referred  them  lo  the  latter 
species.     Perhaps  the  rostral  plate  may  prove  to  distingniah  your  form  when  it 

•  Ptm,  Oeol.  Soc.  London,  IfUS,  vol.  4,  p«rtl,  no,  «6,  p.  187. 


313 


H.  M.  AMI— KMOrnAlrr   roHMATION  or  KOVA  attlTIA 


l«  m«|iM*l)r  known.  On*  piM*  of  ilonal  (hkM  In  niiin«*r|wn  •ham  Um  Im- 
inMitaa  nf  Uw  aappowd  branHilnl  pnorliM  on  •»»  •lil>. 

"  TtM  (lolnM  fhi«liiMitii  In  iho  ci>lhrtian  mnjr  b*  t^rphnlaifi^icm  nnm,  Iml  M« 
nnorutin.    Thma  !■  kin  |>rMml  llw  lri>lni!  ihtrhmi  MmrKimmi. 

•'  Mom  tnUmting  U  on*  •iiinll  ItaMpnnI  '>r  fkinM)i««u,  with  onMBMinl  idmtl- 
i»l  with  UhU  of  l>.  nngUnt.'  In  Uili  tomU  Uw  rhMnhnn  of  the  mlcMh  Utyn  nra 
Inrfar  thnn  In  oor  nrnc|iM  ptal*. 

"  On  th«  wholi,  1  nlionM  plan  lb*  MrAmw  Brook  b*rii  on  th*  am*  borlun  w 
th*  Um*r  Old  R«a  Manditomai-OonulonM  of  Ih*  H*nfcn)  diMrlrl  of  Rngtfi"! 
nbotcllMi 


CniicLPnom 

It  majr  thua  h*  ttMj  oonoluded,  with  th*  aridane*  at  huul,  togcthar 
with  th*  Icnrnrd  opinion  of  MeMr  Arthur  Smith-Woodward  and  R.  H. 
Traquair,  that  w*  hav*  in  Nora  Scotia  an  ar«a  oi  lowar  Daronian  roolia 
which  rapment  wall  in  Amarioa  tna  lower  imrtion  of  the  Old  Red  Sand- 
•tone  of  Kurope.  Thii  latter  •eria*  of  itrata,  toRether  with  tha  Devonian 
rock*  proper,  Sir  l{n<)arick  Mnrohiaon  held  to  he  the  reault  of  "different 
ReoKraphicnl  condition*  of  the  ium«  |>f  rioft."  Tlie  aama  (tatenient  nil.  y 
Iw  uttered  with  all  truth  in  North  America.  From  the  character  of  the 
•traU,  it  ia  eriilent  that  lar>'*triiie  depoaiU  rere  laid  and  aliallnw-water 
conilitioii*  prevailed  throuRhout  the  Knuydart  area  in  Ro-Deviinian 
timee,  and  a  lake  aimiler  to  lake  Orcndie,  lake  Caledonia,  lak'  jf  l^rne, 
the  Weleh  lake,  etcetera,  of  Great  Britain,  ao  graphically  de  .ribed  by 
Sir  Archibald  Gaikie,  exiatad  in  Cknada,  to  which  the  name  hike  IStUm 
might  ap|iropriat«l y  'te  given. 

It  may  here  be  remarked  that  the  Knoydart  formation  of  Nova  Scotia 
Bnda  near  equivalent  in  the  Eo- Devonian  atrate  of  the  Campbellton  for- 
mation in  the  Bale  dee  Chaleura  region.  To  the  lake  in  which  QKanteiu 
(Pklyetmnaipu),  OpAo/napu,  /Vo(o<<u«,  Qer,amnUiut.  Acanihotta.  Ofdara, 
etcetera,  once  flouriahed  in  the  Bay  dee  Chaleura  region,  the  name  "  lake 
Chaleur  "  ia  auggeated. 

It  ia  an  intereeting  tact  to  note  that  much  contemporaneoaa  volcanic 
aah  materiala  conetitute  the  de|)oeita  of  both  thcae  ancient  Paleoioic 
lake  baeina— "  lake  Pictou  "  and  "  lake  Chaleur  " 


•am  Tnqaalr,  Ann.  Ma*.  KM.  HItt,  Mr.  T,  roL  U,  UM,  p.  n,  ft.  I,  >■■,  1,  t. 


